Enamel is having highest calcium content, so it is the strongest layer in the tooth which can withstand all occlusal forces. It helps us for eating all kind of stuff easily and protects inner layers of tooth.
Dentin is the second layer of the tooth which is hard but also porous in nature. It contains some organic matter which helps in maintaining the strength of the tooth. Dentinal tubules are working as a carrier of vibrations or sensation through liquid and help while eating food.
Dental Pulp contains a pulp chamber and root canals filled with blood and nerve endings which carry sensations received by tooth or forces on tooth, so both together work to nourish tooth layers and keep tooth alive for lifetime.
Cementum covers most of the root surface of the tooth which is inside bone level and also works as an anchorage point for periodontal ligaments.
Periodontal ligaments hold the tooth in the socket and work as a shock absorber for all the forces encountered on the tooth.
Dental Socket creates a space where periodontal ligaments are attached on the other side and help to maintain the tooth in position for a lifetime.
Alveolar bone helps in receiving forces from occlusion and creates a foundation on which all teeth can fit inside sockets, also it helps to create a uniform arch structure for better eating.
Gingiva is the outermost layer on bone which helps in nourishment and gives an outer soft tissue cover for bone which works as a cushion.
Nerves act as carriers of sensation from tooth to brain and blood vessels act as nourishment provider through arteries, capillaries, and veins.